-
Economic Policy Institute, Washington, DC, Economist
1990-1993
Established
research agenda in industrial relations and labor
history. Served as economic expert for research
on the issue of the replacement of striking workers.
Served as an expert for congressional committees,
federal and international agencies on U.S. labor
standards, and comparative labor standards. Headed
a project funded by the Ford Foundation on the
minimum wage.
-
Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, Assistant
Professor, Department of Management
&
Director, Honors Program,
1984-1990
Taught
intermediate level statistics course, introductory
level data processing, labor relations, collective
bargaining (and, managerial economics, and research
methods when Norfolk State admitted masters level
students). Coordinated activities and curricular
offerings for non-science Honors students reporting
directly to the Vice-President for Academic Affairs.
Chair, University Honors Program Committee, organized
and coordinated activities of departmental representatives
to the Honors Program, and two external review
bodies: the Honors Program Advisory Board, and
the Honors Program Review Board.
-
North Carolina A&T State, University Greensboro,
NC, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics 1984-1983
Taught
introductory level macroeconomics, introductory
and intermediate level statistics. Served on
departmental student recruitment committee, and
as department liaison to the teacher education
program.
-
American Federation of Teachers, Local 3220 AFL-CIO,
Madison, WI, Co-president, Elected (Nonpaid)
Position 1980-1981
Provided
leadership for a 1,500 member bargaining unit.
-
US Agency for International Development, Washington,
DC, Intern, Africa Bureau
1978
Reviewed
development project proposals, and proposed budgets
for AID projects in African countries. Monitored
the status of expenditures.
-
United Nations Development Programme, New York,
NY, Intern, Programme Policy Division 1976
Performed
reviews and audits of projects funded by the
United Nations Development Programme.
Journal Articles
With Kenya Covington, “Negative Effects of
State Welfare Policy on Recipient College Enrollment,”
Review of Black Political Economy, Vol. 32, (Number
2, Fall 2004): 7-26.
with William M.
Rodgers, III and Bruce W. Klein, “Do the Skills of
Adults Employed in Minimum
Wage Contour
Jobs Explain Why they Get Paid Less,” Journal
of Post Keynesian Economics, Vol. 27 (Fall 2004): 33-66.
with
Valerie A. Rawlston, “A Logit Decomposition Analysis
of Occupational Segregation: An Update for the 1990’s
of Spriggs and Williams,” Review
of Black Political Economy, Vol. 29(Spring 2002): 91-96.
with William
M. Rodgers, III, “Accounting for the Racial Gap in
AFQT Scores: Comment on Nan L. Maxwell,
‘The
Effect on Black-White Wage Differences on Differences
in the
Quantity and Quality of Education,” Industrial
and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 55 (April 2002): 533-541.
With
Rhonda M. Williams, “How Does it Feel to be Free?:
Reflections on Black-White Economic Inequality
in the
Era of ‘Color-Blind’ Law,” Review
of Black Political Economy, Vol. 27 (Summer 1999): 9-21. Also in
Thomas D. Boston (ed.) Leading
Issues in Black Political Economy (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers,
2001)
with William M. Rodgers, III, “What Does
the AFQT Really Measure?: Race, Wages, Schooling
and the
AFQT Score,”
Review of Black Political
Economy, Vol. 24 (Spring 1996): 13-46.
with Rhonda M. Williams, "A
Logit Decomposition Analysis of Occupational Segregation:
Results for the
1970's and 1980's," Review
of Economics and Statistics, Vol. LXXVIII (May 1996):
348-355.
"Changes in the Federal Minimum Wage,
a Test of Wage
Norms,” Journal of Post Keynesian
Economics, Vol.
16 (Winter
1993-94): 221–239.
with James Stanford, "Economists'
Assessment of the Likely Employment and
Wage Effects of the North American
Free Trade Agreement," Hofstra
Labor Law Journal, Vol. 10 (Spring 1993): 495–536.
with
Jesse Pendleton, Ronald Proctor and Gerald
Tyler, “Norfolk State University,
An Economic
Asset to the
Community,” Norfolk
State University Research Bulletin, Vol. 4 (Number
1, 1987): 1-25.
“Measuring Residential
Segregation: An Application of Trend Surface Analysis,”
Phylon, Vol.
XLV (Winter 1984):
249-263.
“The Virginia Farmers’ Alliance:
A Case Study in Race and Class Identity,”
Journal
of Negro
History,
Vol.
LXIV (Summer 1979): 191-204.
Published Proceedings
Papers
“The Public’s Stake in Social
Security Reform,” in Sheila Burke, Eric Kingson
and Uwe Reinhardt, editors, Social
Security and Medicare: Individual vs. Collective
Risk and
Responsibility (Washington, DC: National Academy
of Social Insurance, 2000): 208-209.
Comments on Session on
“Inequality in American Wages: Social and Institutional
Change”, in Conference on the
Macrodynamics of Inequality in the Industrialized and
Developing World, October 28-29, 1999, The Jerome Levy
Economics Institute of Bard College Conference Proceedings,
(Annondale-on-Hudson, NY: Levy Institute, 1999): 28.
Comments
on “Remedies to Racial Inequality,” in Samuel
L. Myers, Jr., editor, Civil
Rights and Race Relations in the Post Reagan-Bush
Era (Westport, CT: Greenwood
Publishing, 1997).
with William M. Rodgers,
III, “The Effect of Federal Contractor Status on
Racial Differences
in Establishment-Level
Employment Shares: 1979-1992,” American
Economic Review, Vol. 86(2) (May 1996, Papers
and Proceedings):
290-293.
Also in Harry J. Holzer and David Neumark (eds.)
The Economics of Affirmative
Action (Camberley,
UK: Edward
Elgar Publishing, 2004).
with Bruce Klein, "A
Decade of Low Pay: Minimum Wage Workers in the
1980s," 1993 Proceedings
of the Social Statistics Section of the American
Statistical
Association: 380–389.
“Comments on Horacio E.
Sobarzo's 'A General Equilibrium Analysis of the
Gains from
Trade for the Mexican
Economy of a North American Free Trade Agreement,' " in
U.S. ITC, Economy-Wide Modeling
of the Economic Implications of a FTA with Mexico
and a NAFTA with
Canada and Mexico Publication No. 2508, (Washington, DC: U.S. ITC,
1992).
Book Chapters and
Invited Essays in Edited Volumes
"Black Liberalism." International
Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2nd edition,
William A. Darity, Jr. (ed.), (Detroit: Macmillan
Reference USA, 2008).
With Cheryl Hill Lee, “Racial
Disparities and Business Cycles: Do Racial Wage
Gaps Close in tight Labor Markets?”
in Marlene Kim (ed.), Race and
Economic Opportunity in the Twenty-First Century, (London: Routledge,
2007 forthcoming).
“Participatory Democracy
and Race Relations in the U.S.,” in Claire Nelson
and
Stacy Richards-Kennedy
(eds.) Advancing
Equity in Latin America: Putting Policy into Practice (Washington: Inter American Development Bank, 2007).
“Social
Security and American Values,” in Calvin Logue,
Lynn Messina and Jean DeHart (eds.), Representative
American Speeches, 2004-2005 (New York, NY: HW
Wilson Company,
2005).
With Suzanne Bergeron, “The
National Urban League and Social Welfare Policy:
A Historical
Perspective,”
in
Lee A. Daniels (ed.) The
State of Black America 2002 (New York: National Urban League, 2002):
29-50.
with Valerie A. Rawlston,
“Social Security: A True Family Value,” in David
Jacobs and Sheldon
Friedman
(eds.) The
Future of the Safety Net: Social Insurance
and Employee Benefits, Industrial Relations Research
Association
Research Volume 2001 (Champaign, IL: IRRA,
2002).
with Lynn A. Curtis, “Leave
No One Behind: A Policy Framework on Poverty, Race,
and Justice,”
in Robert
L. Borosage
and Roger Hickey (eds.), The
Next Agenda: Blueprint for a New Progressive
Movement (Boulder,
CO:
Westview Press,
2001): 211-246.
With Rhonda M. Williams,
“What Do We Need to Explain About African American
Unemployment,”
in Robert
Cherry and William M. Rodgers, III (eds.),
Prosperity for
All? The Economic Boom and African Americans (New York: Russell
Sage, 2000): 188-207.
with Samuel L. Myers,
Jr., “Black Employment, Criminal Activity and
Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of
New Jersey,” in Patrick L. Mason and
Rhonda M. Williams
(eds.), Race,
Markets and Social Outcomes (Norwell,
MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996): 31-64.
with
John Schmitt, “The Minimum Wage: Blocking the
Low-Wage Path,” in Todd
Schaefer and
Jeff Faux (eds.)
Reclaiming
Prosperity: A Blueprint for Progressive
Economic Reform, (Armonk, NY: M. E.
Sharpe, 1996):
163-172.
with Robert Blecker, "On
Beyond NAFTA: Employment, Growth, and
Income Distribution Effects of a Western
Hemisphere Free Trade Area," in
Inter-American Development Bank and
United Nations’ Economic Commission
for Latin
America and the Caribbean, Trade
Liberalization in the Western Hemisphere (Washington,
DC: IDB, ECLAC, 1995).
Monographs
(editor) with Kathleen Buto,
Martha Priddy Patterson and Maya Rockeymoore, Strengthening
Community: Social Insurance in a Diverse America,
(Washington: National Academy of Social Insurance
and the Brookings Institution Press, 2004)
(editor),
The State of Black America,
1999, (New York: National Urban League, 1999)
with Bruce Klein, Raising the Floor: The Effect
of the Minimum Wage on Low-Wage Workers
(Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute,
1994)
(editor),
Employee Rights in a Changing
Economy: The Issue of Replacement Workers (Washington, DC : Economic
Policy Institute, 1991)
Congressional Testimony
“Testimony Before the House
Committee on Ways and Means,” U.S. Congress. House
of Representatives. 110th Congress, 1st Session.
Committee on Ways and Means. Hearing
on the U.S. Economy (January 2007).
“Concerns about the Program
Oversight of GSE Housing Programs.” U.S. Congress.
House of Representatives. 108th
Congress. 1st Session. Committee on Financial Services.
Hearing on H.R. 2575,The Secondary
Mortgage Market Enterprises Regulatory Improvement
Act (September
2003).
“Concerns about the Transparency
of Credit Scores.” U.S. Congress. House of Representatives.
108th Congress.
1st Session. Committee on Financial Services. Hearing
on H.R.
2622, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act of 2003 (July 2003).
"Concerns about Collateral
Costs of Tax Exemption for Individual Dividend
Income." U.S. Congress. House of Representatives.
108th Congress. 1st Session.
Subcommittee
on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Financial Services. Paying
Dividends: How the President’s Tax Plan Will Benefit Individual Investors
and Strengthen
the Capital Markets (March 2003).
"Statement," U.S. Congress.
House of Representatives. 106th Congress. 1st Session.
Subcommittee on Social Security, Impacts
of the Current Social
Security System (February, 1999).
"Worker Rights and
U.S. Trade Policy," U.S. Congress. Senate. 103rd Congress.
1st Session. Subcommittee on Foreign Commerce and Tourism, U.S.
Competitiveness in the Global Marketplace (May, 1993).
"Shifting Patterns
of North American Manufacturing Job Creation: The
Period from Mexican Investment Liberalization to
U.S. Recession (1986-1990)," U.S. Congress.
Senate. 102nd Congress. 2nd Session. Subcommittee on Labor, NAFTA:
The Hidden Costs of "Free" Trade (October, 1992).
"Potential Effects
of Direct Foreign Investment Shifts Due to the
Proposed U.S.-Mexico Free Trade Agreement," U.S. Congress. House of Representatives. 102nd Congress.
1st Session. Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness, North
American Free Trade Agreement (March and May, 1991).
"Restoring Balance
to Labor Management Relations," U.S. Congress. House of
Representatives. 102nd Congress. 1st Session. Subcommittee on Labor-Management
Relations, Hearings on H.R. 5, The Striker
Replacement Bill (March, 1991).
Book Reviews, Magazine
Articles and Policy Papers
“Sphere of Influence,” Crisis (July/August 2006).
“Poverty in America: The
Poor are Getting Poorer” Crisis (January/February
2006).
With Jason Furman, “African
Americans and Social Security: The Implications
of Reform Proposals,” Center for Budget
and Policy Priorities (January 2006).
With Ross Eisenbrey, “Two
Steps Back: African Americans and Latinos will
lose ground under Social Security
‘reform’ ,” Economic Policy Institute, Issue Brief
#212 (July
2005).
With David Ratner, “Social
Security’s cruelest cut: Bush’s proposal slashes
benefits for family
members
of workers
who die before retirement,” Economic Policy Institute,
Issue Brief #211 (July 2005).
With David Ratner,
“Social Security price indexing proposal means
benefit cuts for workers,” Economic
Policy Institute,
Issue Brief #209 (June 2005).
With Lee Price, “Productivity
growth and Social Security’s future,” Economic
Policy Institute,
Issue Brief #208
(May 2005).
“Fired Up: The Great Social
Security Debate” Crisis (March/April 2005).
“Children Get Social Security
Too,” Poverty & Race (March/April 2005) also in Chester Hartman
(ed.) Poverty and Race in
America: The Emerging Agenda (Lanham, MD:
Lexington Books, 2006).
“Another Mistaken Racial
Stereotype,” American Prospect (February 2005).
“African Americans and
Social Security,” Dollars
and Sense (November/December
2004).
“The Federal Budget Battle,”
Black Enterprise (June 2003).
With Kenya L. Covington
Cox, “Negative Effects of Welfare Policy on College
Enrollment,” National Urban
League
Institute for Opportunity and
Equality,
Special
Research Report SRR-01-2002 (June
2002).
“An Unkind Cut,” Black
Enterprise (July 2002), p. 26.
with Valerie A. Rawlston,
“Pay Equity 2000: Are we There Yet,”
National
Urban League
Institute for Opportunity
and Equality, Special Research
Report SRR-02-2001 (April
2001).
with Valerie A. Rawlston,
“Social Security Helps
Reduce Child
Poverty,” National
Voter (December
2000/January 2001), pgs.20-23.
“The New Economics of Sports’
Stadiums,” SportsWorld,
Summer 1996: 18, 21-22.
With Robert Scott, "Economists' Views of Workers' Rights and U.S. Trade
Policy." Center for International Business
Education and Research (University of Maryland—College
Park), Occasional Paper # 60. (June 1995).
Review of Michael Fix and
Raymond Struyk, Clear and
Convincing Evidence: Measurement of Discrimination
in America (Washington,
DC: Urban Institute
Press, 1992)
in Industrial and Labor Relations Review,
47 (July 1994): 713-714.
"A New Day for Labor?," Democratic
Left, Volume XXI (September/October 1993):
3–6.
"The Slow Employment
Growth Puzzle," Christian
Social Action, Volume 6 (March
1993): 8–10.
with Robert A. Blecker, “Manufacturing
Employment in North America: Where the
Jobs Have Gone,”
Economic Policy Institute,
Briefing
Paper #35 (1992).
with Jeff Faux, “U.S. Jobs
and the Mexico Trade Proposal,” Economic Policy
Institute,
Briefing
Paper #20 (1991).
Consultancies
- CONSULTANT
to Inter-American Development Bank on a Survey of Institutional
Practice for Promoting Economic and Social Inclusion
in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2005.
- CONSULTANT
to U.S. Embassy of Bahrain on Minimum Wage/Labor Market Issue,
2004.
- CONSULTANT
to United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and
the Caribbean and Inter-American Development
Bank project, "Support to the Process of Hemispheric
Trade Liberalization," 1992.
- DISCUSSANT
for United States International Trade Commission conference
on, "Economy-Wide
Modeling of the Economic Implications of a FTA
with Mexico and a NAFTA with Canada and
Mexico," 1992.
- CONSULTANT
to Afro-American Studies Program, University of Maryland—College
Park project, "Historical Record: Minority
and Women Business Enterprises in Public and
Private Contracting in New Jersey" for
the New Jersey Transit Procurement and Contract
Administration,
1992.
- CONSULTANT
to the Community Oversight Board of the Norfolk Public Schools,
City of
Norfolk,
Virginia. Coauthor with
Curtis Langley, "Report on Resource Allocations
to Elementary Schools in the City of Norfolk," 1990.
Board Memberships
- Chair, INDEPENDENT
HEALTH CARE TRUST FOR UAW RETIREES OF FORD MOTOR COMPANY,
Detroit, MI. Since July, 2006.
- Board Member,
RETIREMENT HEALTH ADMINISTRATION COMPANY, Detroit, MI.
Since July, 2006.
Public Board and
Volunteer Consultant Work
- Member,
President's Council on Sustainable Development Sustainable
Communities
Task Force working group on Economic Development and Jobs.
The task force is to develop both broad-based and specific
recommendations for consideration by the full Council. 1994–1995.
- Member, Home Economics Advisory Board, City of Virginia Beach
[Virginia] Department of Agriculture. 1988–1990.
- Treasurer,
Barnett K. Thoroughgood for City Council [City of Virginia
Beach, Virginia] Campaign Fund, 1988.
- Member, Virginia
State Council of Higher Education, Virginia Scholars Selection
Committee, 1987–1988.
Nonprofit, Professional
and Volunteer Organization Boards
- Member,
National Housing Advisory Council for Fannie Mae, (since
2006)
- Member, National Academy of Social Insurance (since 1999),
Board Member, (since 2006)
- Member, National Advisory Council, Corporate Voices for Working
Families (Washington, DC) beginning 2005
- Member, Board of Directors National Employment Law Project
(NELP), (since 2005)
- Member, Policy Council, Association for Public Policy Analysis
and Management (since 2005)
- Member, Board of Directors, Congressional Black Caucus Political
Education and Leadership Institute (since 2001), Vice Chair
(since 2006)
- President (2000, President-elect 1999), Member, Board of
Directors, (1993-1996, 1996-1999), and Chair, Advisory Board
for NEA Web
Page and List Server, National Economic Association.
- Executive Committee, Society of Alumni, Williams College
(1999-2002)
- Black Enterprise Board of Economists (since 2000)
- Time Magazine Board of Economists (2002)
- Board Member,
National Neighborhood Association (1999-2003)
- Board Member,
Coalition on Human Needs (2000-2002)
- Board Member, National Coalition on Black Civic Participation
(1999-2004)
- Steering Committee Member, National Consortium for African
American Children, (1993-1994).
- Vestry member, Meade Memorial Episcopal Church [Alexandria,
VA], (1993–1995).
- Vestry member, Grace Episcopal Church [Norfolk, VA] (And
delegate to Diocesan Council of the Diocese of Southern
Virginia 1986–1990)
Help to oversee an operating budget of $225,000 and a capital
budget of $333,000.
- Board Member, Ecumenical Family Shelters, Inc. [Norfolk,
VA], (1985–1990) Vice-president 1989, Treasurer 1985–1988.
Helped
to operate two homes used as emergency shelter under contract
to the City of Norfolk [VA] with an annual operating budget
of $150,000.
- Member, United Way of South Hampton Roads Fund Distribution
Committee. (1988–1990) Helped appropriate multi-million
dollar pledge fund among various fund allocation panels
for grants
to social service agencies in a top 50 MSA; and, served
on appeals panel, hearing agency appeal requests after
fund
allocation panel decisions.
- Vice-chair, United Way of South Hampton Roads Fund Allocation
Panel on Family and Individual Services and Counseling.
(1986–1990) Oversee the allocation of $653,000 to South
Hampton Roads
United Way child care and family service agencies.
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